Economic Systems
Wellbeing Economics
Last Updated: November 30, 2025Overview Wellbeing economics is an approach to economic theory and policy that places human and ecological wellbeing at the centre of decision-making. Rather than treating economic growth as the primary indicator of progress, this framework argues that societies should be assessed by their ability to enable people to live healthy, connected, meaningful, and ecologically grounded...
Degrowth
Last Updated: November 30, 2025Overview Degrowth refers to a body of scholarship and activism advocating for the deliberate downscaling of ecologically destructive and socially inequitable forms of economic activity. It calls for a planned reduction in material and energy throughput in high-income nations, coupled with deliberate investment in wellbeing, equity, and ecological regeneration. Although the term has sparked substantial...
Localisation
Last Updated: November 30, 2025Overview Localisation refers to a diverse set of strategies and practices aimed at strengthening local economies, cultures, governance systems, and ecological resilience in the face of global economic and environmental pressures. The concept has gained prominence in recent decades as communities, policymakers, and researchers have begun to reassess the social, economic, and ecological effects of...